The Mechanisms of Immunomodulation in Acupuncture

Multiple recent studies have highlighted the role of bioelectric signals in large-scale pattern formation in the body’s spatial structure and organs, and in organ phylogenesis and ontogenesis, during embryogenesis and regeneration [1-5]. These signals form one layer of physiological control and work in conjunction with biochemical and genetic pathways [6-10]. The bioelectrical state of cells and tissues was shown to regulate their differentiation, migration, and proliferation and plays an important role in the development of cancer [11-25]. Bioelectrical activity has long been implicated in neoplasm, and recent molecular efforts have focused on ion channels as important cancer targets, and ion channel drugs as a promising therapy [26-35]. The nature of these formative biological fields has been defined in modern experimental studies and theoretical constructs as electromagnetic [36,37].